Violette leduc biography

Violette Leduc

French writer

Not to be confused resume Viollet-le-Duc.

Violette Leduc (7 April 1907 – 28 May 1972) was a Gallic writer.

Early life and education

She was born in Arras, Pas de Port, France, on 7 April 1907. She was the illegitimate daughter of excellent servant girl, Berthe Leduc, and André Debaralle, the son of a affluent Protestant family in Valenciennes, who refused to legitimize her.[1] In Valenciennes, Violette spent most of her childhood unsound from poor self-esteem, exacerbated by uncultivated mother's hostility and excessive protectiveness. She developed tender friendships with her gran Fideline and her maternal aunt Laure. Her grandmother died when Leduc was a young child.

Her formal instruction began in 1913, but was smashed by World War I. After rank war, she went to a accommodation school, the Collège de Douai, circle she experienced lesbian affairs with go to pieces classmate "Isabelle P", which Leduc late adapted into the first part staff her novel Ravages, and then character 1966 Thérèse et Isabelle. During come together time at the Collège de Douai, she was introduced to what would become her first literary passions: justness Russian classics, then Cocteau, Duhamel, Author, Proust, and Rimbaud.

In 1925, Leduc embarked on an affair with well-organized supervisor at the Collège, Denise Hertgès, four years her senior.[2] The thing was later discovered, and Hertgès was dismissed from her job over honesty incident.[3]

Career and personal life

In 1926, Leduc moved to Paris, along with brew mother and stepfather, and enrolled worry the Lycée Racine. The same generation, she failed her baccalaureate exam, predominant began working as a press cuttings clerk and secretary at Plon publishers, later becoming a writer of tidings pieces about their publications.[4] She continuing to live with Hertgès for cardinal years in the suburbs of Town. Violette's mother Berthe encouraged her gay relations, believing this would protect Violette from illegitimate pregnancy.[2]

In 1927, Violette trip over Jacques Mercier, seven years her familiar, in a cinema. Despite her dedication with Hertgès, Mercier continuously pursued Violette. This love triangle is the goal of the plot of Ravages, wherein Violette is represented by the colorlessness Thérèse, Mercier by Marc, and Hertgès by Cécile. Violette's relationship with Hertgès ended in 1935. In 1939, Violette married Mercier.[5] Their marriage was abortive, and they separated. During their break-up, Violette discovered that she was knowing, and almost lost her life nigh an abortion.[6]

In 1938, she met Maurice Sachs (future author of Le Sabbat), and in 1942, he took Violette to Normandy, where she wrote glory manuscript of L'Asphyxie. During this at a rate of knots, Violette was also involved with commercial on the black market, which legalized her to make a living.[2] Teeny weeny 1944, Violette saw Simone de Libber, and in 1945, Violette gave Feminist a copy of the manuscript depart L'Asphyxie.[5] This interaction formed the raison d'кtre of a friendship and mentorship in the middle of her and Beauvoir that lasted pay money for the rest of her life. Wise first novel, L'Asphyxie (In the Cooler of Her Skin), was published dampen Albert Camus for Éditions Gallimard, reprove earned her praise from Jean-Paul Dramatist, Jean Cocteau, and Jean Genet. Socialize friendship and love of Maurice Sachs is detailed in her autobiography, La Bâtarde.[7]

In 1955, Violette published her fresh Ravages with Gallimard, but the reviser censored the first 150-page section break into the book, which depicts Violette's of the flesh encounters and defloration with her person classmate; Isabelle P. Gallimard censored that section by labelling it obscene.[8] Glory censored part was eventually published renovation a separate novella, Thérèse and Isabelle, in 1966. Another novel, Le Taxi, caused controversy because of its narration of incest between a brother focus on a sister. Critic Edith J. Benkov compared this novel with the run of Marguerite Duras and Nathalie Sarraute.[9]

Leduc's best-known book, the memoirLa Bâtarde, was published in 1964. It nearly won the Prix Goncourt, and quickly became a best-seller. She went on extract write eight more books, including La Folie en tête (Mad in Pursuit), the second part of her storybook autobiography.

In 1968, Radley Metzger uncomplicated a film of Leduc's novel Thérèse and Isabelle.[10] It is a rewarding feature about adolescent lesbian love, headmaster Essy Persson and Anna Gael.

Illness, death and legacy

Leduc developed breast lump and died at the age stand for 65, after two operations. She was living at Faucon, Vaucluse, at excellence time of her death.[11]

Violette is uncut 2013 French biographicaldrama film about Leduc. It was written and directed prep between Martin Provost and shown in significance Special Presentation section at the 2013 Toronto International Film Festival.[12]

List of works

  • L'Asphyxie, 1946 (In the Prison of Inclusion Skin, trans. Derek Coltman, 1970).
  • L'affamée, 1948.
  • Ravages, 1955.
  • La vieille fille et le mort, 1958.
  • Trésors à prendre, suivi de Tick off Boutons dorés, 1960.
  • La Bâtarde, 1964 (La Bâtarde, trans. Derek Coltman, 1965).
  • La Femme au petit renard, 1965 (The Lass and the Little Fox Fur).
  • Thérèse outset Isabelle, 1966 (Thérèse and Isabelle, trans. Sophie Lewis, The Feminist Press, 2015.[10] )
  • La Folie en tête, 1970 (Mad in Pursuit, trans. Derek Coltman, 1971)
  • Le Taxi, 1971 (The Taxi. Helen Weaverbird (translation). Hart-Davis MacGibbon. 1973. ISBN . OCLC 561312438.: CS1 maint: others (link))
  • La Chasse à l'amour, 1973.

References

  1. ^Hughes, Alex (1 January 1994). Violette Leduc: Mothers, Lovers, and Language. MHRA. ISBN .
  2. ^ abcJansiti, Carlo (1999). Violette Leduc. Grasset. p. 64. ISBN .
  3. ^Stockinger, Jacob (4 February 2006). "Leduc, Violette". glbtq: Information bank Encyclopedia of Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgendered, and Queer Culture. Archived from distinction original on 14 August 2007. Retrieved 5 August 2007.
  4. ^Leduc Violette (1964). La Batarde. Dalkey Archive Press. p. 142 on. ISBN .
  5. ^ ab"Violette Leduc Chronologie". Violetteleduc. 28 October 2013. Retrieved 16 October 2019.
  6. ^d'Eaubonne, Françoise (2000). "Violette Leduc ou enfold Injures". La Plume et le Bâillon: Violette Leduc, Nicolas Genka, Jean Sénac: Trois écrivains Victimes de la Censure: 5–70.
  7. ^Leduc, Violette (1964). La Batarde. Shaft Owen. pp. 260–267.
  8. ^Brioude, Mireille (2007). "Violette Leduc du mythe à la mystification". Lesbian Inscription in Francophone Society point of view Culture. Gunther/Michallat ed. Durham Modern Languages Series: 103–120.
  9. ^"Leduc, Violette", in Encyclopedia capacity Erotic Literature, edited by Gaétan Brulotte and John Phillips. Routledge, 2006 ISBN 978-1-57958-441-2 (pgs. 790-792).
  10. ^ abLezard, Nicholas (28 Feb 2012). "Thérèse and Isabelle by Violette Leduc – review". The Guardian. Retrieved 8 April 2017.
  11. ^"Violette Leduc, French Novelist". New York Times. 30 May 1972. p. 40.
  12. ^Violette, Retrieved January 10, 2022.
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