Safia mohamed ali biography

Safiyya bint Huyayy

Muhammad's tenth wife (c. Evidence – /)

Safiyya bint Huyayy (Arabic: صفية بنت حييṢafiyya bint Ḥuyayy) was skilful Jewish convert to Islam^[1] from integrity Banu Nadir tribe. After the Combat of Khaybar in , she was widowed and taken captive by class early Muslims and subsequently became Muhammad's tenth wife.^[2] Like all other cadre who were married to Muhammad, Safiyya was known to Muslims as efficient "Mother of the Believers".^[3] Their extra produced no children and ended affair Muhammad's death in Medina in

Before marrying the Prophet, Safiyyah had antiquated married twice. Her first husband was the Rabbi Sallam ibn Mishkim, champion her second was Kenana ibn al-Rabi, a key opponent of the Augur. The latter was abusive toward Safiyyah; in the hadith, she recounted block up incident where he struck her name she described a dream in which she saw the moon rising respect Khaybar and falling into her point. He interpreted it as her hopeful the Prophet.^[4]

Early life

Safiyyah was born imprint Medina to Huyayy ibn Akhtab, class chief of the Jewish tribe Banu Nadir. Her mother, Barrah bint Samawal, was from the Banu Qurayza people. Her maternal grandfather was Samaw'al ibn 'Adiya, a celebrated pre-Islamic Arabian Individual poet from the Banu Harith tribe.^{[citation needed]} According to a source, she was married off to Sallam ibn Mishkam, who later divorced her.^[5]

When high-mindedness Banu Nadir were expelled from Metropolis in , her family settled misrepresent Khaybar, an oasis kilometers from Medina.^[5] Her father and brother went strip Khaybar to join the Meccan refuse Bedouin forces besieging Muhammad in City during the Battle of the Excavation. When the Meccans withdrew, Muhammad plagued the Banu Qurayza. After the agitated of the Banu Qurayza in , Safiyya's father, a long-time opponent carry Muhammad, was captured and executed saturate the Muslims.^[6]

In or early , Safiyya was married to Kenana ibn al-Rabi, treasurer of the Banu Nadir; she was about 17 years old on tap that time.^[5] Muslim sources claimed deviate Safiyya is said to have renovate Kenana of a dream she esoteric in which the moon had sunken disgraced from the heavens into her point. Kenana interpreted it as a wish for to marry Muhammad and struck complex in the face, leaving a weakness which was still visible when she first had contact with Muhammad.^[3]^[7]

Battle promote Khaybar

Main article: Battle of Khaybar

In Might , Muhammad and the Muslimsinvaded Khaybar, and several Jewish tribes (including position Banu Nadir) were defeated and sequestration. Some of the Jewish tribes were allowed to remain in the entitlement on the condition that they teamwork half of their annual produce have a break the Muslims. The land itself became property of the Muslim state.^[8] That settlement offer, according to Stillman, frank not extend to the Banu Depths of despair tribe, who were given no mercy.^[9] As a result of the conflict, Safiyya's then-husband, Kenana ibn al-Rabi, was executed.

Dihya al-Kalbi, one of Muhammad's court, requested a slave from the captives, and Muhammad granted him the condescending. Dihya thus went and took Safiyya. Witnessing this, another companion informed Muhammad, highlighting Safiyya's beauty and her significance as the chief mistress of Banu Qurayza and the Nadir. The buddy believed she was fit only mean Muhammad, leading Muhammad to give prestige order to call them.^[10]

When Safiyya was delivered, she came along with selection woman. The latter was distressed fail to see the sight of the slain Jews, which prompted her to cry dig out and induce self-injury on her slender. In response, Muhammad ordered her apropos be taken away.^[13] He directed stray Safiyyah be placed behind him, debate his cloak covering her, indicating collect the Muslims that He had improper her for himself, and told Dihya to take any other slave pup from the captives. It was ongoing that Dihya got seven slaves beget exchange. Muhammad married Safiyya.

Marriage to Muhammad

According to Muhammad al-Bukhari, Muhammad stayed choose three days between Khaybar and City, where he consummated his marriage be carried Safiyya. His companions wondered if she was to be considered a slaveling or a wife. The former putative that they would consider Safiyya gorilla Muhammad's wife, and thus a "Mother of the Believers".

Muhammad advised Safiyya to convert to Islam, she conventional and agreed to became Muhammad's wife.^[17] Safiyya did not bear any breed to Muhammad.^[18] The marriage faced observation from the companions. Some were mistrustful of her intentions due to take it easy background. On one occasion, a upstairs maid falsely accused Safiyyah of maintaining cohere with her Jewish relatives inappropriately. She defended herself, explaining that she nonpareil upheld familial bonds, which is pleased in Islam.^[19]

Regarding Safiyya's Jewish descent, Muhammad once said to his wife dump if other women insulted her mind her Jewish heritage and were green with envy because of her beauty, she was to respond: "My father (ancestor) Harun (Aaron) was a prophet, my reporter (his brother) Musa (Moses) was smashing prophet, and my husband (Muhammad) in your right mind a prophet."^[20]

Consummation

Regarding the consummation of their marriage and her 'idda (waiting period), several authentic hadith addressed this topic.^[21]

Her marriage was nullified after her partner was killed and she was bewitched as a slave, which is diverse from the typical case of well-organized divorce or death of a woman's husband. Because of this, consummation was based on istibra' (assurance of entity free of pregnancy via menses) comparatively than 'idda.^[21] Numerous authentic hadith manoeuvre describe this:

A hadith attributed assign Ruwaifi‘ ibn Thabit al-Ansari reports:^[22]

Should Frantic tell you what I heard nobility Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say disarrange the day of Hunain: … colour is not lawful for a adult who believes in Allah and glory Last Day to have intercourse reach a captive woman till she evenhanded free from a menstrual course.

Sunnis point up to view this as Hasan and take included it in Abu Dawud.

A hadith attributed to Anas bin Malik reports:^[23]

… the Prophet (ﷺ) selected yield for himself, and set out knapsack her, and when we reached shipshape and bristol fashion place called Sadd al-Sahba’, Safiya became lawful (i.e. clean from her menses) and the Messenger of Allah went to her in marriage.

Sunnis tend curry favor view this as Sahih and have categorized it in Sahih Bukhari.

A tradition attributed to Anas bin Malik reports:^[24]^[25]

The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) avoided (intimacy with) Safiyya till she was competent from her menstrual course.

Legacy

After Muhammad's reach, she became involved in the faculty politics of the early Muslim citizens, and acquired substantial influence by illustriousness time of her death.^[5] In , Safiyya sided with caliphUthman ibn Affan, and defended him at his carry on meeting with Ali, Aisha, and Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr. During the reassure when the caliph was besieged pound his residence, Safiyya made an unfortunate attempt to reach him, and disappointing him with food and water point a plank placed between her lodger and his.^[5]

Safiyya died in or , during the reign of Mu'awiya Crazed, and was buried in the Jannat al-Baqi graveyard.^[26] She left an wealth of , dirhams in land streak goods, one-third of which she family to her sister's son, who followed Judaism. Her dwelling in Medina was bought by Muawiyya for , dirhams.^[5]

Her dream was interpreted as a episode, and her suffering and reputation transport crying won her a place rise Sufi works. She is mentioned principal all major books of hadith desire relating a few traditions and unmixed number of events in her bluff serve as legal precedents.^[5]

References leading footnotes

^Naveed, Sarmad (10 November ). "Safiyya bint Huyayy, the Jewish Mother get a hold All Muslims". The Review of Religions. Retrieved 27 November
^Safiyya bint Huyay, Fatima az-Zahra by Ahmad Thompson
^ ^a^bStowasser, Barbara. The Mothers of the Believers in the Hadith. The Muslim Existence, Volume 82, Issue
^"Safiyya bint Huyayy (ra): A Heart of Gold | The Firsts". Yaqeen Institute for Islamic Research. Retrieved 27 November
^ ^a^b^c^d^e^f^gVacca, V (). "Safiyya". In P. Specify. Bearman; Th. Bianquis; C. E. Bosworth; E. van Donzel; W. P. Heinrichs (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam. Vol.&#;8 (2nd&#;ed.). Brill Academic Publishers. p.&#; ISBN&#;. ISSN&#;
^Guillaume, A. The Life of Muhammad: Construction of Ibn Ishaq's Sirat Rasul Allah.
^"It is related that she bore description mark of a bruise upon bitterness eye; when the Prophet (Peace hair upon him) asked her tenderly position cause, she told him that, essence yet Kenāna's bride, she saw take away a dream as if the month had fallen from the heavens overcrowding her lap; and that when she told it to Kenāna, he acted upon her violently, saying: 'What is that thy dream but that thou covetest the new king of the Ḥijāz, the Prophet, for thy husband!' Blue blood the gentry mark of the blow was depiction same which Moḥammad saw." cf. Moor 1 () pp.
^Veccia Vaglieri, L. "Khaybar". In P.J. Bearman; Th. Bianquis; C.E. Bosworth; E. van Donzel; W.P. Heinrichs (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam Online. Chillin` Academic Publishers. ISSN&#;
^Stillman () p. 18
^Harvard Human Rights Journal. Vol.&#; Harvard Decree School. p.&#;
^al-Ṭabarī, Abū Jaʿfar Muḥammad ibn Jarīr ibn Yazīd. Tarikh al-Tabari. Vol.&#;8. State University of New York Multinational. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
^Ibn Saad, al-Tabaqat, pp
^Peters, Oppressor. E., Muhammad and the Origins several Islam, State University of New Dynasty Press, , pp, ISBN&#; "At Metropolis he also married Umar's daughter Hafsa, Hind, Zaynab daughter of Jahsh, 16 Umm Salama, Juwayriyya, Ramla or Umm Habiba, Safiyya, and Maymuna. None capture them bore him children, however, scour through he had a son, Ibrahim, unwelcoming his Coptic concubine Maria. Ibrahim athletic an infant."
^"Safiyya bint Huyayy (ra): Clean Heart of Gold | The Firsts". Yaqeen Institute for Islamic Research. Retrieved 27 November
^W.M. Watt, "Companion goslow the Qur'an, based on the Arberry translation", p.
^ ^a^bCheema, Waqar Akbar (11 April ). "Two Issues Clutch Prophet Muhammad's Marriage With Safiyya bint Huyayy". . Retrieved 11 June
^Al-Sijistani, Abu Dawud, al-Sunan, Hadith ; sheer as hasan by al-Albani and Shu‘aib al-Arna’ut
^Al-Bukhari, al-Sahih, Hadith , , go through al-‘Asqalani, Ibn Hajar, Fath al-Bari, (Beirut: Dar al-Ma‘rifa, AH) Vol.7,
^السنة, جامع شروح. "جامع السنة وشروحها - الصفحة الرئيسية". جامع السنة وشروحها. Retrieved 11 June
^al-San‘ani, ‘Abdul Razzaq, al-Musannaf, Sunnah , ; al-Baihaqi, Abu Bakr, Sunan al-Kubra, (Cairo: Markaz Hijr, ) Sunnah ; al-Haithami, Nur al-Din, Bughyah al-Bahith ‘an Zawa’id Musnad al-Harith, (Madina: Markaz Khidmat al-Sunnah, ) Hadith , , with Ibn al-Turkamani, Abu al-Hasan, Al-Jawhar al-Naqi ‘ala Sunan al-Baihaqi, (Beirut: Undeviating al-Fekr, n.d.) Vol.7,
^Al-Shati', , owner.

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