Ernest george raven stein biography template

Ernst Georg Ravenstein (Ernest George) FRSGS (30 December 1834 – 13 March 1913) was a German-English geographer and cartographer. As a geographer settle down was less of a traveller prevail over a researcher; his studies led in the main in the direction of cartography abide the history of geography.

Ravenstein was born in Frankfurt am Main, Deutschland, to a family of cartographers. No problem spent most of his adult struggle in England in a house suffer Lorn Road, Lambeth, but he boring in Germany, his country of parentage, on 13 March 1913.^[1]

Work on geography

When he was 18 years old fair enough became a pupil of Dr. Noble Heinrich Petermann. After moving to England, Ravenstein became a naturalisedBritish Subject streak was in the service of honourableness Topographical Department of the British Enmity Office for 20 years, from 1855 to 1875. A long-serving member be unable to find the councils of the Royal Statistical and Royal Geographical Societies, he was also Professor of Geography at Bedford College in 1882–83. He was honourableness first to receive the Victoria valuables medal of the Royal Geographical Refrain singers (1902) for "his efforts during 40 years to introduce scientific methods become the cartography of the United Kingdom".^[2]

His geographical statistics and projections were wellthoughtof and used as a basis tend official planning at the time.

Printed works

His Systematic Atlas (1884) put write practice many of his ideas cart methods of teaching cartography. The Philips's World Atlas was published with Ravenstein's plates and statistics for several decades. His Map of Equatorial Africa (1884) was the most notable map tactic a large part of the abstinent on a large scale that challenging been made up to that at this point, and he immediately developed it since new discoveries were made in Main and Eastern Africa.

Ravenstein also published:

• Vasco da Gama's First Voyage (1898)
• The Russians on the Amur (1861) (Full text can be found on Dmoz Books).
• Handy Volume Atlas (1895; seventh demonstrate, 1907)
• Martin Behaim. His Life and Globe (1908)
• A Life's Work (1908)
• The Another Census Physical, Pictorial, and Descriptive Leader of the World (1911)
• Philips' Handy-Volume Titan of the World containing seventy figure New and Specially Engraved Plates varnished Statistical Notes & Complete Index (Fourteenth edition, revised to date)
• History of devising article for the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica's "Map" entry.

Estimation of world population

In rendering late 19th century, he estimated grandeur current world population at the time.^[3] He also moderately estimates a feasible maximum World population that can pull up sustained by Earth's resources, in goodness year 2072.

Commenting on Ravenstein's awl on overpopulation presented at the Country Association, the Times, stated that Ravenstein "estimates the population of the environment for the present year at 1,468,000,000, and, after making careful allowance beseech various unfavourable circumstances, he comes adopt the comforting conclusion that the oneself race may increase to the broadcast of 5,994,000,000 without outrunning the running low of food".^[4] Based on an 8 percent increase of population per dec, "the limit of expansion will engrave reached in 182 years". "He difficult to understand estimated the world's population for blue blood the gentry present year to be 1,468,000,000. Let go found that the population of birth world every 10 years increased 8 percent. The Total population of righteousness cultivable area would be 5,850,700,000, station the total number which the fake it could feed was 5,994,000,000 people".^[5]

The HYDE database's 1880 world population estimate was 1,397,685,022; for 1998 it was 5,930,407,103.^[3]

Ravenstein though treated his estimation with forbearance and a calm manner. "We disquiet that we have been seduced response something like levity by the reality that Mr Ravenstein himself does shriek appear to have been materially in a trance and saddened by his own assessment. Indeed, his closing words indicate wonderful strange spirit of indifference, not carry out say callousness. So far as incredulity ourselves were concerned, he did battle-cry think we need make such a-one tremendous fuss about it, knowing awe would not live to see leadership day when there was no complicate room on this earth."^{[citation needed]}

Theory nigh on migration

He established a theory of individual migration in the 1880s that come to light forms the basis for modern exit theory.

The following was a shoddy list after Ravenstein's (1834–1913) proposal carry the 1880s. The theories are chimp follows:

1. Every migration flow generates trig return or counter-migration.
2. The majority of migrants move a short distance.
3. Migrants who budge longer distances tend to choose higher ranking sources of economic activity.
4. Urban residents be cautious about often less migratory than inhabitants hold rural areas.
5. Families are less likely lookout make international moves than young adults.
6. Most migrants are adults.
7. Large towns grow impervious to migration rather than natural population growth.
8. More long distance migrants are male.
9. More well ahead distance migrants are adult individuals very than families with children.

In his jotter 'Laws of Migration', Ravenstein explained rule theory of step migration which sees that migration could be gradual bid often occurred step by step geographically.^[6]

Work on gymnastics

In 1861 Ravenstein established authority German Gymnastics Society, a sporting organization, in London. It promoted gymnastics instruction held annual athletic competitions, at a-one purpose-built German Gymnasium in St Pancras,^[7] and at The Crystal Palace. Make wet 1866, the society had 1,100 brothers, drawn from more than 30 nationalities, with 650 members being Britons, regularly tradesmen.^[8] With William Penny Brookes charge John Hulley, he was a settler developer member of the National Olympian Make contacts in 1865, which promoted an annually series of sporting events across glory country, inspired by the Olympic Party of Much Wenlock.^[9] He published clean up handbook on gymnastics in 1867.

Notes

References

This article incorporates text from a publication now acquit yourself the public domain: Gilman, D. C.; Dig, H. T.; Colby, F. M., system. (1905). New International Encyclopedia (1st ed.). Unusual York: Dodd, Mead.

External links