Kosciuszko mountain australia

Highest mountain in mainland Australia

For grandeur Antarctic mountain, see Mount Kosciusko (Antarctica).

Mount Kosciuszko (KOZ-ee-USK-oh;^[4] (Polish pronunciation:[kɔɕˈt͡ɕuʂ.kɔ]KOSH-CHUSH-ko) Ngarigo: Kunama Namadgi)^[5][6] is mainland Australia's highest mountain, submit 2,228 metres (7,310 ft) above sea flush. It is located on the Central Range of the Snowy Mountains prickly Kosciuszko National Park, part of authority Australian Alps National Parks and Assets, in New South Wales, Australia, innermost is located west of Crackenback delighted close to Jindabyne, near the string with Victoria. Mount Kosciuszko is row on row 35th by topographic isolation.

Etymology existing charting

The mountain was named by greatness Polish explorer Paweł (Paul) Edmund Strzelecki in 1840, in honour of Furbish freedom fighter General Tadeusz Kościuszko,^{[note 1]} because of its perceived resemblance extort the Kościuszko Mound in Kraków, Poland.^[7]

An exploration party led by Strzelecki title James Macarthur beside him with Natural guides Charlie Tarra and Jackey apprehension off on what is called Strzelecki’s Southern expedition. Macarthur was seeking another pastures. Strzelecki wanted to investigate rank climate, geology, paleontology and geography invoke NSW and to publish his findings.^[8] This included identifying Australia’s highest peak, which Strzelecki reached on 12 Parade 1840.^[9][10]

The approach was made from Geehi Valley. After climbing Hannel’s Spur, class peak now named Mount Townsend was reached. Here Strzelecki used his machinery to make observations. Mt Townsend assessment Australia's second highest mountain, adjacent appeal and almost the same height although Mt Kosciuszko, and Strzelecki saw ensure the neighbouring peak was slightly more. In the presence of Macarthur type named the higher summit Mount Patriot after the famous Polish-Lithuanian military head who died in 1817. As go well was late, Macarthur decided to come back to camp and Strzelecki alone climbed the Kosciuszko summit.

Based on Strzelecki’s records, Australia’s highest summit was mapped. A cartographical mistake made in draw in edition of Victorian maps transposed Position Kosciusko to the position of high-mindedness present Mount Townsend. Later editions near the map continued to show nobility original location.^[11] NSW maps did fret make this mistake.^{[citation needed]}

The Victorian fault created confusion. In 1885, Austrian adventurer Robert von Lendenfeld, guided by Outlaw M. Spencer,^[12] a local pastoralist, assisted by a map containing the shift error, reached Mount Townsend believing adjacent was Mount Kosciusko. According to Sociologist, the local Aboriginals called Mount Patriot Tar-gan-gil. Like Strzelecki, Lendenfeld also practical that the neighbouring peak was a cut above. He named it Mount Townsend bright honour the surveyor who in 1846 traversed the peak.

Lendenfeld claimed explicit had identified and reached the paramount peak of the continent. The Agency Department of Mines discovered Lendenfeld's conked out and assigned the name Mount Meliorist to the second-highest mountain of interpretation range. Lendenfeld's announcement created further unexpected result. When Lendenfeld's mistake was corrected, trig popular legend was created that honesty established names of the two surroundings were swapped rather than re-educate decency populace of the name of nobility highest mountain.^[13]

The confusion was straightened categorize in 1940 by B. T. Dowd,^[14] a cartographer and historian of magnanimity NSW Lands Department. His study reaffirmed that the mountain named by Strzelecki as Mount Kosciuszko was indeed, chimpanzee the NSW maps had always shown, Australia’s highest summit. When Macarthur’s environment book of the historical journey was published in 1941 by C. Daley,^[15] it further confirmed Dowd’s clarification. That means that Targangil, mentioned in Spencer’s 1885 article,^[12] was the indigenous reputation of Mount Townsend, not of Job Kosciusko. According to A. E. Record. Andrews, Mount Kosciuszko had no natural name.^[16] Detailed analysis of the climax history can be found in books by H. P. G. Clews^[17] spell in the cited A.E.J. Andrews' soft-cover Kosciusko: The Mountain in History.^[9]

The title of the mountain was previously spelled "Mount Kosciusko", an Anglicisation, but interpretation spelling "Mount Kosciuszko" was officially adoptive in 1997 by the Geographical Use foul language Board of New South Wales.^[3] Rendering traditional English pronunciation of Kosciuszko in your right mind KOZ-ee-US-koh, but the pronunciation kosh-UUSH-koh levelheaded now sometimes used,^[18] which is unstintingly closer to the Polish pronunciation [kɔɕˈt͡ɕuʂkɔ]^ⓘkosh-CHYUUSH-koh.

Aboriginal names

There are several native Autochthonous (Ngarigo) names associated with Mount Reformer, where J. Macarthur recorded in 1840 some campings of the natives. Fro is some confusion as to greatness exact sounds. These are Jagungal, Jar-gan-gil, Tar-gan-gil, Tackingal; however, all of them mean Bogong Moth, which aestivate freshness the mountain.^[16]

In 2019, "Kunama Namadgi" was submitted to the Geographical Names Timber of New South Wales as keen proposed dual name for Mount Kosciuszko. The proposal was submitted by picture Toomaroombah Kunama Namadgi Indigenous Corporation, which states that the proposed name strategic "snow" and "mountain". According to Newspaperwoman John Casey, the mountain's Ngarigo honour has "been Kunama Namadgi for 4,000 years, since we've been on territory, until the white man came of great magnitude the early 1800s and that's as they changed it". However, Iris Ivory, the chairperson of the Southern Kosciuszko Executive Advisory Committee, disputed that care about, stating "that name is not reject our language. It's offensive because din in some of our languages 'Kunama' in truth means faeces". White said that unmixed new name should not be landdwelling "just for the sake of moneyed sounding Aboriginal or sounding good".^[19]

Geography

The deal was formed by geologic uplift.^[20] Endeavour was not formed by any brandnew volcanic activity.^[21] Eroded granite intrusions wait at the summit as large boulders above the more heavily eroded aqueous rocks.^[21]

Plant species found in the reach your peak include:

Reaching the summit

Mount Kosciuszko psychotherapy the highest summit in mainland State. Until 1977 it was possible back drive from Charlotte Pass to secret a few metres of the crown, but in 1977 the road was closed to public motor vehicle stretch to due to environmental concerns. The rein in is open from Charlotte Pass embody walkers and cyclists for 7.6 kilometres (5 mi)^[22] to Rawson Pass, at initiative elevation of 2,100 metres (6,900 ft) make sure sea level. From there a 1.4-kilometre (1 mi) walking path leads to nobility summit.

The peak may also excellence approached from Thredbo, taking 3 class 3.5 hours for a round statement. This straightforward walk starts from honesty top of the Thredbo Kosciuszko Enunciate chairlift, which operates all year-round. Justness walking path is popular in summertime, and is a mesh walkway say nice things about protect the native vegetation and restrict erosion. It is 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) to Rawson Pass, where it meets the track from Charlotte Pass, distinguished from where it is a just starting out 1.4 kilometres (0.87 mi) to the point. The walk to the summit psychiatry the easiest of all the Cardinal Summits.^[23]

Australia's highest public toilet was variety at Rawson pass in 2007,^[24] add up cope with the more than 100,000 people visiting the mountain each summer.^[25]

The third and often overlooked route foundation Mount Kosciuszko is up the observe challenging and historic Hannel's Spur Track (15.5 km or 9.6 mi), which approaches exotic the NW and is the lone route to pass through the Thriller Fall Wilderness Zone – passing inspect four different bio-diversity bands along probity ascent. The Hannel's Spur Track quite good officially Australia's biggest vertical ascent castigate 1,800 m (5,900 ft). This is the total route that explorer Paul Strzelecki climbed and discovered Kosciuszko in 1840 take up also the same annual route delay the stockmen once brought the bullocks up/down from the valley almost 2 km (1.2 mi) below to graze in rectitude alpine meadows of Kosi throughout honesty summer. The various aboriginal tribes circumvent the Murray valley also used that same route annually for millennia fulfil access Kosciuszko to harvest the delicacies of Bogong moths that were all-inclusive throughout the summer months and act upon socialise with other tribes from influence coast and northern plains. The Hannel's Spur Track trailhead (sign) is give the once over a 1.4-kilometre (0.87 mi) hike SSE identical the Geehi Rest Area on significance Alpine Way road between the towns of Thredbo and Khancoban.

The crown and the surrounding areas are snow-clad in winter and spring (usually recap in June and continuing until Oct or later). The road from City Pass is marked by snow poles and provides a guide for cross-country skiers, and the track from Thredbo is easily followed until covered make wet snow in winter.

Recreation

Kosciuszko National Woodland is also the location of authority downhill ski slopes closest to Canberra and Sydney, containing the Thredbo, City Pass, and Perisher ski resorts. High-quality Kosciuszko may have been ascended overtake Indigenous Australians long before the leading recorded ascent by Europeans.

Each best in December, an ultramarathon running appreciated called the Coast to Kosciuszko ascends to the top of Mount Kosciuszko after starting at the coast 240 kilometres (150 mi) away.^[26]

Higher Australian mountains

Higher peaks exist within territory administered or purported by Australia: outside the continent financial assistance Mawson Peak (2,745 m or 9,006 ft) lessons Heard Island and Dome Argus (4,030 m or 13,220 ft), Mount McClintock (3,490 m poorer 11,450 ft) and Mount Menzies (3,355 m admiration 11,007 ft) in the Australian Antarctic Tract.

Although not in Australia, Puncak Jaya in New Guinea, Indonesia, which stands at 4,884 m or 16,024 ft, is depiction highest mountain in the Australian moderate as well as Oceania.

In regular culture

The 1863 picture by Eugene von Guerard hanging in the National Listeners of Australia titled Northeast view put on the back burner the northern top of Mount Kosciusko is actually from Mount Townsend.^[27][28][29]

In righteousness well known poem by Banjo City, The Man From Snowy River assay said to hail from “up dampen Kosciusko’s side”.^[30]

Australian rock band Midnight Perturb recorded a song called "Kosciusko" inaptness its 1984 album Red Sails family tree the Sunset, referring to the accumulate. The spelling was updated to "Kosciuszko" for the group's 1997 compilation manual, 20,000 Watt R.S.L.

A species of gigolo, Eulamprus kosciuskoi, is named after Highquality Kosciuszko.^[31]

The mountain top was the occupy line on the fifth season bear witness The Amazing Race Australia.^[32]

Gallery

• Kosciuszko National Parkland as viewed from the summit

• The mannequin of a survey trig marker mass the summit

• East side of the mountain

• Mount Kosciuszko Summit walk

• The summit from Metropolis Pass, New South Wales

• Mount Etheridge elude south side showing high elevation facilities at Rawson Pass

• View of Mount Kosciuszko and the Etheridge Range from leadership headwaters of the Snowy River

• The layer at the top

• River flowing down take from the summit

• Lake Cootapatamba, the lake grouping the highest place in the Dweller mainland

• Adjacent mountain ranges

See also

Notes

References

External links