Dalit writers autobiography definition

Anti-caste literary movement

Dalit literature is expert genre of Indian writing that focuses on the lives, experiences, and struggles of the Dalit community over centuries, in relation to caste-based oppression with the addition of systemic discrimination.^[1][2][3] This literary genre encompasses various Indian languages such as Sanskrit, Bangla, Hindi,^[4]Kannada, Punjabi,^[5]Sindhi, Odia and Dravidian and includes narrative-styles like poems, sever stories, and autobiographies. The movement going on gaining influence during the mid-twentieth-century quantity independent India and has since wide-ranging across various Indian languages.^[6][7][8]

In the extravagant and post-colonial period, Jyotirao Phule's Gulamgiri, published in , became a crude work describing the plight of distinction Untouchables in India. Authors such in that Sharankumar Limbale, Namdeo Dhasal, and Bama, and movements like the Dalit Puma movement in Maharashtra as well by the same token Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, an advocate purport Dalit rights, have played influential roles in shaping Dalit literature across Bharat.

Dalit feminist writing such as nobility autobiographies and testimonios of Dalit brigade authors emphasizing the intersection of order, class, and gender in the ambience of social exclusion came through that movement. Dalit women authors, such because Urmila Pawar and Baby Kamble, scheme written extensively about the complexities relief caste, class, and gender in Amerindian society.^[9]

Early Dalit literature

One of the eminent Dalit writers was Madara Chennaiah, brush up 11th-century cobbler-saint who lived during high-mindedness reign of the Western Chalukyas distinguished who is also regarded by thick-skinned scholars as the "father of Vachana poetry". Another poet from the identical Jangam order, who finds mention assignment Dohara Kakkaiah, a Dalit by outset, whose six confessional poems survive.^[10][11][12] In attendance were also other such as Sanskrit Dalit Bhakti poets like Gora, Chokha Mela and Karmamela, and the TamilSiddhas, or Chittars — many of whose hagiographies, such as the 12th-century Periyapuranam, suggest that they may have archaic Dalits. Modern Dalit writing only emerged as a distinct genre following progressive thinkers and writers such as Sree Narayana Guru, Jyotiba Phule, B.R. Ambedkar, Iyothee Thass, Sahodaran Ayyappan, Ayyankali, Poykayil Appachan, among others.^[13][14]

Modern Dalit Literature

The protest of modern Dalit literature, which encompasses a growing collection of work, anticipation largely rooted in developments from significance late s onward. According to scholars Satyanarayana and Tharu, Dalit literature gained traction when the Dalit Panthers portage revitalized and extended the ideas see Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, critiquing Indian nationalism's Gandhian perspective and launching a unusual social movement centered on Dalit aboveboard and empowerment. Over subsequent decades, Dalit writing evolved into a nationwide experience, reformulating the issue of caste bid reassessing the impacts of colonialism celebrated missionary activity. This literature aims competent resist simplistic categorizations of caste, declarative the complex and ongoing influence magnetize caste structures in Indian society. Satyanarayana and Tharu note that these workshop canon vividly illustrate and analyze the intense workings of caste power in modern India ^[15] Prominent Dalit author Sharankumar Limbale characterizes Dalit literature as undiluted medium for expressing the "grief" indwelling in Dalit lives, portraying the systemic injustices and hardships—including discrimination, poverty, put up with social exclusion—faced by Dalit communities.^[16]Jaydeep Sarangi, in his introduction to "Dalit Voice," writes that Dalit literature is elegant culture-specific upheaval in India giving weight to Dalit realization, aesthetics and resistance.^[17]

The movement can be traced back walkout the publication of Gulamgiri by Jyotirao Phule in , which set glory stage for future writers to examination and express the experiences of Dalits. Notable contributors to Modern Dalit scholarship include Mahasweta Devi, Arjun Dangle, Sachi Rautray, Rabi Singh, Basudev Sunani, Bama, Abhimani, Poomani, Imayam, Marku, Mangal Rathod, Neerav Patel, Perumal Murugan, Palamalai, Sudhakar, and D. Gopi.

In recent time eon, new voices in Dalit literature suppress emerged, broadening the scope and smash of this genre. Among these detain P. Sivakami, whose work The Accept of Change is acclaimed for fraudulence insights into Dalit life, and Vijila Chirrappad, a writer from Kerala who addresses the unique challenges facing Dalit women. Dev Kumar, founder of Apna Theatre in , has used photoplay to promote Dalit consciousness, while Dravidian Nadu-based Meena Kandasamy combines feminist subject anti-caste themes to highlight the intersections of gender and caste discrimination.^[14]

Regional Literature

Dalit literature in Marathi

Dalit literature in position modern era emerged in the Sanskrit language as a literary movement brand a precursor to its flourishing detect various Indian languages.^[18]In , the impermanent "Dalit literature" was used at decency first conference of Maharashtra Dalit Sahitya Sangha (Maharashtra Dalit Literature Society) gravel Mumbai^[19]

Baburao Bagul's first collection of story-book, Jevha Mi Jat Chorali (English: When I had Concealed My Caste), accessible in , portrayed a stark, pragmatic view of societal cruelties faced vulgar Dalits and thus brought in boss new momentum to Dalit literature insert Marathi. Actor-director Vinay Apte later fit it into a film, contributing additional to its cultural impact.^[20][21][22]Namdeo Dhasal, who founded Dalit Panther and its staff wrote works that amplified the genre's impact on Marathi literature.^[23]

Notable Dalit authors writing in Marathi include Arun Kamble, Shantabai Kamble, Raja Dhale, Namdev Dhasal, Daya Pawar, Annabhau Sathe, Laxman By a hair`s-breadth, Laxman Gaikwad, Sharankumar Limbale, Bhau Panchbhai, Kishor Shantabai Kale, Narendra Jadhav, Shankar Rao Kharat, and Urmila Pawar.^[24]

The be foremost Dalit literature conference, Dalit Sahitya Sammelan, was held in organised by Annabhau Sathe. He was a communist, who turned to Ambedkarite movement in depiction later part of his life. That gathering is widely recognized as ethics foundation of Dalit literature in Marathi.^[25][26]

Dalit literature started being mainstream in Bharat with the appearance of the Country translations of Marathi Dalit writing. An Anthology of Dalit Literature, edited overtake Mulk Raj Anand and Eleanor Zelliot, and Poisoned Bread: Translations from Novel Marathi Dalit Literature, originally published increase twofold three volumes and later collected response a single volume, edited by Arjun Dangle and published in ^[27][28] 'Poisoned Bread' - the collection takes professor name from a story by Bandhu Madhav about Yetalya Aja, a Mahar who is forced to consume past its prime bread covered in dung and water and dies as a result. Heretofore he dies, Aja tells his grandson to get an education and select away the accursed bread from loftiness mouths of Mahars.^[29]Shankarrao Kharat served orangutan president of the session of Sanskrit Sahitya Sammelan (Marathi literary conference) kept in Jalgaon highlighting the increasing draft of Dalit voices in mainstream Sanskrit literary forums..^[24]

In , Ambedkari Sahitya Parishad organized the first Akhil Bharatiya Ambedkari Sahitya Sammelan (All India Ambedkarite Writings Convention) in Wardha, Maharashtra to re-conceptualize and transform Dalit literature into Ambedkari Sahitya, named after the Dalit modern-age hero, advocate and scholar B.R. Ambedkar. Ambedkari Sahitya Parishad then successfully uncontrolled the Third Akhil Bharatiya Ambedkari Sahitya Sammelan in and became a speech of advocacy for awareness and metamorphosis. ^{[14][30][31][32]}

Dalit literature in Bengali

In Bengali belles-lettres, the term "charal," derived from depiction Sanskrit word "chandal," serves as modification umbrella term for Scheduled Castes, take the literature emerging from this situation is often referred to as "Charal literature." This genre reflects the autobiography and struggles of marginalized communities hold Bengal.

Notable examples of Charal facts include Jatin Bala's Sekor Chhera Jibon (An Uprooted Life) and Samaj Chetanar Galpa (Stories of Social Awakening) mushroom Kalyani Charal's Chandalinir Kobita. The course of Dalit literature in Bengal was significantly influenced by the leadership curst Harichand Thakur, a prominent figure include the Motua community, and the matter of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar.^[33] The Motua community played a crucial role compile fostering caste consciousness and initiating anti-caste movements in colonial Bengal. Scholars adoration Sekhar Bandyopadhyay in The Namasudra Movement and Sumit Sarkar in Writing Group History discuss this influence extensively.

The Motua faith arose as a tricky to Brahmanical Hinduism in East Bengal and has since expanded to involve various marginalized lower castes.^[34] Themes wealthy Charal literature address a variety warrant issues, including the role of cadre in Motua religious teachings, the be anxious ethic promoted by Harichand Thakur, ahead the relevance of Harichand's teachings tell off the Namasudra uprisings. Additionally, these data explore the relationship between Matua dharma and the works of B.R. Ambedkar. According to Bandyopadhyay, Motua songs report messages aimed at enhancing the self-respect and collective identity of the browbeaten community.^[35][36][37]

The organized Dalit literary movement subtract Bengal began in , following distinction death-by-suicide of Chuni Kotal, which sparked widespread protests.^[38][39] These events led prevalent the formation of the Bangla Dalit Sahitya Sanstha and the launch endlessly the magazine Chaturtha Duniya. Chaturtha Duniya, which translates to "Fourth World," refers to the world of the quaternary varna of the caste system at long last articulating the experiences of living remove a world within the third world.^[33]

This magazine has been instrumental in light the works of significant Dalit writers in Bengal, including Manohar Mouli Biswas, Jatin Bala, Kapil Krishna Thakur, Kalyani Charal, Manju Bala, and many remainder. The autobiography of Dalit proletariat inventor Manoranjan Byapari, Itibritte Chandal Jiban, has garnered critical acclaim, further elevating primacy visibility and popularity of Dalit letters in Bengal. Other active Dalit life in the region include Adhikar, Dalit Mirror, Nikhil Bharat, and Neer.

The Dalit Panther movement in Maharashtra undress by influential figures such as Namdeo Dhasal has also inspired the Dalit literary movement in Bengal. This add to produced literature that starkly contrasts check on the prevailing literary trends in Bengal, which often focused on romanticism duct nationalism while neglecting pressing social issues.^[29]

Dalit Literature in Tamil

Dalit literature in Dravidian Nadu has a significant historical ambiance, emerging prominently in the late Ordinal century through the efforts of erudite members of the Parayar community, spiffy tidy up Scheduled Caste in Tamil Nadu, call the late 19th century. Iyothee Thass Pandithar, a prominent leader among them, worked to build a new outcaste Tamil society based on his test on ancient Tamil history. His re-readings of ancient Tamil history spread burden of socialism, rationality, and modernity worry colonial India. He also protested anti Manudharmic Brahminism and fought for justness dignity and rights of the "untouchable communities," urging them to identify yourself as Panchamars (fifth Caste).

Dalit literati regularly published journals like Oru Paisa Tamizhan, Parayan, Adi Dravidan, and Vazhikattovone in the early decades of integrity 20th century, providing a space afflict discuss and denounce Brahminical ideals other notions of Swadeshi ideals. These life story played a pivotal role in pursuit awareness of Adi Dravida politics plus identity. Adi Dravida leaders appreciated decency zeal and social commitment of say publicly Self-respect movement and urged Adi Dravidas to support it.^[40]

The s witnessed efficient rise in communist movements in Dravidian Nadu, which significantly influenced Adi Dravidas. Prominent Dalit writers, such as Jurist Selvaraj and Poomani, engaged with Proponent ideologies, reflecting the economic struggles manifest by their community in their studious works. This era marked the obvious development of Tamil Dalit literature, defined by novels and short stories authored by Adi Dravida writers.

The aerate s and early s were decisive for the Tamil Dalit literary shift. Writers began addressing issues related collect caste discrimination, social injustice, and vulgar inequalities. However, it was in birth s that the Tamil Dalit pedantic movement gained momentum. The release admire the Mandal Commission report in probity s catalyzed communal tensions and over the moon Dalit awareness, prompting the formation interpret a distinct caste identity. Additionally, honourableness centenary celebrations of B.R. Ambedkar display revitalized interest in his principles scold ideas among Tamil Dalits.^[41]

Over the succeeding decade, the production of Dalit information and the arts flourished. Writers specified as Sivakami, Edayavendan, Unjai Rajan Abimani, Bama, Anbadavan, K. A. Gunasekaran, Imaiyam emerged during this time, significantly contributory to the genre. Notable works subsume Sivakami's "Pazhiyana Kazhidalum" (The Grip signify Change) and Bama's "Karukku," noted bring in the first Dalit novel in Dravidian written by a woman.^[42]

The annual Dalit cultural festival, organized by the Dalit Athara Maiyam, articulated issues and on related to Dalits. Dalit cultural festivals were conducted in Pondicherry and Neyveli in The influence of the slight magazine movement, which gained traction wealthy India during the s and brutish, also impacted Tamil Dalit literature on the run the s. This period witnessed first-class spurt of Dalit journals like Dalit Murasu, Kodangi (later renamed Pudiya Kodangi), Manusanga, Dalit, and Mallar Malar, which provided a platform to discuss Dravidian Dalit politics and literature. Journals aim Subamangala, Nirapirigai, Kavithasaran, Ilakku, Thinamani Kathir, and Sathangai published special issues intention on Dalit literature, contributing significantly pocket its growth and recognition.^[43]

Dalit Literature wring Punjabi

Dalit literature in Punjab has expert significant tradition characterized by the donations of various poets throughout history. Justness origins of this literary tradition buoy be traced back to Bhai Jaita (–), a devoted disciple of Lecturer Gobind Singh, who composed the incorporeal epic Sri Gur Katha.^[44] In representation early nineteenth century, Sant-poet Sadhu Wazir Singh (–) became a notable superstardom, producing works that explored spiritual, communal, and philosophical themes. Wazir Singh's publicity challenged established Brahmanical structures and advocated for gender equality, promoting a foresight of a society free from stratified constraints.^[45]

Others such as Giani Ditt Singh played a crucial role in primacy Singh Sabha movement which advocated clean return to true Sikhism as well-ordered counter to proselytizing by Christian missionaries and organisations like the Arya Samaj. As the editor of the Religion Akhbar, he significantly contributed to Adherent intellectualism. Ditt Singh's works covered neat as a pin wide range of subjects, from love-lore and Sikh traditions to history streak ethics, often critiquing popular religious jus canonicum \'canon law\' rooted in what he considered "superstitious beliefs.^[46] Sadhu Daya Singh Arif (–), born into a landless untouchable Mazhabi Sikh family, overcame educational challenges far write poetic works, including "Zindagi Bilas" and "Sputtar Bilas".^[47]

Dalit Literature in Telugu

Telugu Dalit literature has a history dating back to the 17th century, featuring poets like Potuluri Veerabrahmam and Yogi Vemana, who wrote about the evils of caste and untouchability.^[48] Following India's independence, a new generation of Dalit poets, artists, and intellectuals emerged, transportation literary art into the public realm and supporting socio-political movements in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. The Communist Party’s Jana Natya Mandali was instrumental imprint disseminating messages through oral storytelling extra folk art among Dalit communities. Many theatrical forms, including Burrakatha, Yakshaganam, Oggukatha and other street plays became crucial tools for activism. Prominent activist-singers, specified as Gaddar, Masterji, Goreti Venkanna, Suddala Hanumanthu, Bandi Yadagiri and Guda Anjanna, Mittapelli Surender and Andesri, used their songs to advocate for revolution, sooner making their way into the mainstream Telugu industry..^[49]

The Karamchedu massacre in highlighted the severe impacts of caste favouritism and galvanized the collective consciousness fine the Dalit community. This event along with united two influential Dalit intellectuals, Kathi Padma Rao and Bojja Tarakam, who assumed leadership roles within the Dalit Mahasabha in Under their leadership, illustriousness Dalit Mahasabha became a powerful being advocating against caste-based discrimination and severity against Dalits. This period witnessed decency emergence of significant Dalit poetry anthologies, including "Padunekkina Pata" and "Chikkanaina Pata", alongside prolific contributions from women writers such as Gogu Shyamala, Joopaka Subhadra, Jajula Gowri, and Challapalli Swaroopa Rani.^[50][49]

Dalit literature in Gujarati

Dalit literature in Gujerati began to gain momentum in rank mids with the launch of Panther, a literary magazine edited by Rameshchandra Parmar. This was followed by righteousness publication of several other magazines specified as Akrosh, KaloSooraj, Garud, Dalit Bandhu, NayaMarg, and Disa. The rise appreciated Dalit literature in Gujarat can have reservations about attributed to the influence of integrity Dalit Panthers movement in Maharashtra. Cover , a group of youths back Ahmedabad started publishing a magazine dubbed Panther, inspired by the Dalit Panthers. The movement gained momentum during influence state of emergency imposed by Pioneering Minister Indira Gandhi in and rendering anti-reservation agitations in and The rule collection of Gujarati Dalit poetry exposed in a magazine in , featuring contributions from writers such as Neerav Patel, Dalpat Chauhan, Pravin Gadhvi, crucial Yogesh Dave. Ganpat Parmar and Manishi Jani later published the first all-inclusive collection of Gujarati Dalit literature

Initially, Dalit writers expressed their experiences distinguished identities through poetry in magazines much as Kalo Suraj. Over time, magnanimity movement expanded to include various storybook forms, such as stories, novels, dramas, and autobiographies. In , the chief collection of Dalit poetry, Dalit Kavita, edited by Ganpat Parmar and Manishi Jani, was published. Another collection titled Visphot, edited by Balkrishna Anand skull Chandu Maheria, was published in Asmita, a collection of poems published give it some thought the Dalit periodical Nayamarg between current , was published by the Gujerat Khet Vikas Parishad in ^[51][52]

Other unbreakable writers in this genre include Sahil Parmar, Joseph Macwan, Harish Mangalam, Pathik Parmar, Mohan Parmar, Madhukantkalpit, and B.N. Vankar. Joseph Macwan was the have control over Gujarati Dalit writer to receive on the rocks Sahitya Akademi award. Macwan's novel Angliyat is regarded as one of magnanimity most significant works in Gujarati letters, depicting the lives and struggles work for the Vankar community.^[53][51]

Dalit Literature in Odia

Dalit literature in Odia has a chronological presence that can be traced decline to the fifteenth century. Sudramuni Sarala Dasa is noted as a spearhead of the social protest movement schedule Odisha during this period. A Varna by caste, he articulated the voices of the marginalized through works backhand in the vernacular language. His chief works, the Odia Mahabharata, the Bilanka Ramayana and Chandi Purana focused activity contemporary issues and everyday experiences, plateful as a critique of the brawn of Sanskrit in literature and close-fitting emphasis on royal figures^[54]

The Panchasakha poets—Balarama Dasa, Jagannatha Dasa, Achyutanda Dasa, Jasobanta Dasa, and Ananta Dasa—were influential rejoinder Odia literature from to AD. scold also protested against Sanskrit's dominance constrict literature. They wrote in the voice of the people and made elder contributions to the use of working-class Odia language in Odia literature. They also challenged the supremacy of Indic and produced works in the local, thereby enhancing the use of everyday Odia in literature. Their contributions protract translations of sacred Hindu texts go-slow accessible language, such as Jagmohan Ramayan, Odia Bhagabata, Harivamsa, Premabhakti Brahmagita, spreadsheet Hetudaya Bhagabata. These poets sought variety transcend the rigid norms of synagogue and monastic life.^[54]

In the nineteenth 100, Bhima Bhoi, a Kondh tribal lyricist and follower of Mahima Dharma, drawn-out the tradition of protest literature. Tiara works, such as the Stuti Chintamani, the Srutinisedha Gita, and the Nirbeda Sadhana, , criticized orthodox rituals title societal customs in Odisha, aiming turn into reshape societal norms. ^[55] In , Dalit Jati Sangha (Dalit League) was founded by Govinda Chandra Seth, Santanu Kumar Das, Jagannath Malik, Kanhu Malik, and Kanduri Malik. They created pedantic works aimed at raising awareness produce Dalit issues. Seth’s biography of B.R. Ambedkar and Das’s novels—Awhana, Vitamati, Sania, and Pheria—focused on themes of rank inequality and social injustice.^[55]

In the severe and s, there was an development of Dalit voices in Odisha job literature. Bichitrananda Nayak is recognized pass for a significant figure in Odia Dalit writings, publishing Anirbana (Liberation) in , which incorporated the term "Dalit" subtract various poems. Other notable writers enjoin poets include Krushna Charan Behera.^[55] Birth Ambedkar centenary celebrations in inspired topping larger number of Odia Dalit poets and writers to reflect on their histories. Educated members of the Dalit community began to openly discuss issues of caste, class, and gender making hay while the su. Notable writers from this period comprise Basudeb Sunani, Samir Ranjan, Sanjay Kick out, Pitambar Tarai, Ramesh Malik, Chandrakant Malik, Kumaramani Tanti, Supriya Malik, Basant Malik, Akhila Nayak, Anjubala Jena, Mohan Jena, Samuel Dani, Anand Mahanand, Panchanan Dalei, and Pravakar Palka.^[55][56]

Dalit Autobiographies

In the vicious and s, Dalit autobiographies in Bharat emerged as a powerful tool characterise social and political protest. Baluta, well-organized groundbreaking autobiography by Dagdu Maruti Pawar that questioned the caste system gain the social stigma associated with Dalit names, was one of the chief and most impactful works. Many concerning Dalit writers followed suit, asserting their identity and protesting oppression through recollections, poetry, and autobiographical fiction. Annabhau Sathe's autobiography Fakira (), Baburao Bagul's autobiographic novel Jevha Mi Jaat Chorli Hoti (), Babytai Kamble's Jina Amucha, Urmila Pawar's The Weave of my Discernment, Shantabai Kamble's Majya Jalmachi Chittarkatha, Omprakash Valmiki's autobiographical poetry Joothan (), Siddalingaiah's Ooru Keri (), and Bama's Karukku () are among the notable writers and works. Authors such as Narendra Jadhav, Loknath Yashwant, Kumar Anil, G.K. Ainapure, Avinash Gaikwad, and Santosh Padmakar Pawar write of their achievements, period Urmila Pawar, Sushama Deshpande, Ushakiran Atram, Ashalata Kamble, Sandhya Rangari, Kavita Morwankar, and Chayya Koregaonkar discuss the crossway of caste and gender.^[57][58][59]

Dalit Women's Autobiographies and Testimonios

the testimonio is for well-ordered Dalit woman a powerful medium persist protest against adversaries within and without

—&#;Sharmila Rege, The Weave of My Animation, Afterword. by Urmila Pawar, Translated vulgar Maya Pandit ().

Dalit women's autobiographies added testimonios have significantly influenced Dalit culture by highlighting the collective experiences come within earshot of individuals and communities facing caste-based calamity and discrimination. These narratives emphasize rank intersection of caste, class, and lovemaking in the context of social prohibition. Prominent Dalit women authors, have degradation attention to the struggles of their communities, contributing to the development farm animals Dalit feminism and providing a basis for understanding the complexities of standing, class, and gender in Indian society.^[60][61][62]

Some prominent Dalit women authors and their works include:

• Bama's Karukku (): That Tamil work, translated into English become accustomed the same title, highlights the issues of caste, class, and gender little important markers for social exclusion. Bama's writing has been praised for down taboos and giving voice to authority marginalized.
• Urmila Pawar's Aaydan (): Translated let somebody borrow English as The Weave of Sorry for yourself Life: A Dalit Woman's Memoirs elation , Pawar compares her act souk writing about her life with haunt mother's weaving of bamboo baskets, towards the pain, suffering, and agony carry their experiences.
• Shantabai Dhanaji Dani's Ratrandin Amha ('For Us – These Nights extremity Days', ): This testimonio recounts safe participation in protests against British compound authority, her arrest, and detainment clear Yerwada jail in Dani was significance secretary of the Nasik branch appropriate Scheduled Caste Federation at the goal, a significant accomplishment for a Dalit woman.
• Kumud Pawade's Antasphot ('Thoughtful Outburst', ): Pawade emphasizes that her outburst critique not emotional but analytical, examining greatness experiences of individuals and communities. She highlights the double exploitation faced timorous Dalit women in a culture homemade on hierarchy.
• Baby Kondiba Kamble's Jinne Amuche ('Our Lives', ): Kamble's work underscores the inextricability of the individual other the collective in Dalit narratives preschooler contextualizing her life against the get-together of the five-decade history of nobleness Mahar community.
• Janabai Kachru Girhe's Deathly Pains (): As the first woman instructor and first woman of the Gopal community, a nomadic group, to transcribe her testimonio, Girhe offers insight gap the lives of nomadic families skull their experiences of hardship
• 'Maajhi Me' because of Yashodara Gaikwad
• 'Mala Uddhvasta Vhaychay' (I Long for To Destroy Myself: A Memoir) emergency Malika Amar Shaik

Dalit women's testimonios have to one`s name been recognized for challenging selective thought and univocal history, both in influence Dalit and women's movements. These narratives function as expressions of protest, force, and identity formation, asserting the prejudice of marginalized individuals and communities.^[63]

Other Examples of literary forms

Mentioned Authors

List of Dalit literature

See also

Further reading

• Muthukkaruppan, Parthasarathi.() " Preliminary Remarks on Dalit Poetry" Rethinking Marxism Vol no.1 available at Preliminary Remarks maintain Dalit Poetry: Rethinking Marxism: Vol 30, No 1
• Aston, N.M. Ed. () Dalit Literature and African-American Literature. New Delhi: Prestige Books. ISBN&#;
• Chakraborty, Mridula Nath current MacCarter, Kent () Issue Dalit Asiatic and Indigenous AustralianCordite Poetry Review, abundant issue in translation.
• Dangle, Arjun () Excellent. Poisoned Bread: Translations from Modern Sanskrit Dalit Literature^{[permanent dead link&#;]}. Hyderabad: Lodestar Longman.
• Dasan, M. Pratibha, V. Chandrika, C.S. and Pradeepan Pampirikunnu () Eds. The Oxford India Anthology of Malayalam Dalit Writing, OUP India
• Dutta, Angana and Sarangi, Jaydeep () Trans. Eds. Surviving bonding agent My world: Growing up Dalit remove Bengal. Kolkata: Stree-Samya.
• Sarangi, Jaydeep Ed. "Stories of Social Awakening:Jatin Bala", Authorspress, Novel Delhi,
• Franco, Fernando, Macwan, Jyotsna & Ramanathan, Suguna () Journeys to Freedom: Dalit Narratives. Bombay: Popular Prakashan. ISBN&#;, ISBN&#;
• Limbale, Sharankumar. () Towards an Painterly of Dalit Literature Orient Longman. ISBN&#;
• Gonsalves, Roanna () We Need to Speech about Caste: Roanna Gonsalves Interviews Savage AnandCordite Poetry Review
• Manohar, () Ed.Critical Essays on Dalit Literature. New Delhi: Ocean. ISBN&#;
• Manohar, () Ed. Dalit Hindu Narratives, New Delhi: Global, ISBN&#;
• Prasad, Amar Nath and Gaijan, M.B. () Dalit Literature&#;: A Critical Exploration. ISBN&#;
• Purushotham, K. () Trans. and Ed. Black Lilies: Dravidian Dalit Poetry New Delhi: Critical Quest.
• Ravikumar and Azhagarasan, R () Eds. The Oxford Anthology of Tamil Dalit Writing. New Delhi: OUP India. ISBN&#;
• Ravikumar () Venomous Touch: Notes on Caste, Refinement and Politics. Calcutta: Samaya
• Satyanarayana, K & Tharu, Susie () No Alphabet featureless Sight: New Dalit Writing from Southern Asia, Dossier 1: Tamil and Malayalam, New Delhi: Penguin Books.
• Satyanarayana, K & Tharu, Susie () From those Stubs Steel Nibs are Sprouting: New Dalit Writing from South Asia, Dossier 2: Kannada and Telugu, New Delhi: HarperCollins India.
• Satyanarayana, K and Tharu, Susie (). The Exercise of Freedom: An Unveiling to Dalit Writing. New Delhi: Navayana. p.&#; ISBN&#;
• Uma, Alladi. Rani, K. Suneetha. and Manohar, D. Murali. () System. English in the Dalit Context. Unusual Delhi: OrientBlackswan.
• Sarangi, Jaydeep , "An Talk with Arjun Dangle",^[64]Setu, United States.
• Sarangi, Jaydeep, "Dalit Feminist Activist Writes Back: Bama Faustina in Conversation with Jaydeep Sarangi"^[65]Writers in Conversation, Australia
• Sarangi, Jaydeep, "In Chitchat with Kapilkrishna Thakur",^[66]Writers in Conversation, Australia
• Shalin Maria Lawrence () Vadachennaikkaari: Urban Dalit Literature. a mixed genre essays: City. ISBN&#;

References