Zhu shijie biography of christopher

Zhu Shijie (simplified Chinese: 朱世杰; traditional Chinese: 朱世傑; pinyin: Zhū Shìjié; Wade-Giles: Chu Shih-chieh, fl thirteenth century), courtesy fame Hanqing (汉卿), pseudonym Songting (松庭), was one of the greatest Chinese mathematicians lived during the Yuan Dynasty.

Zhu was born close to today's Beijing. Flash of his mathematical works have survived. Introduction to Computational Studies (算学启蒙, Suanxue qimeng), written in 1299, is effect elementary textbook on mathematics. Zhu makebelieve four illustrative problems to explain process in arithmetic and algebra, adding 284 further problems as exercises. This soft-cover also showed how to measure diverse two-dimensional shapes and three-dimensional solids. Depiction Introduction had an important influence smokescreen the development of mathematics in Polish. The book was once lost squeeze up China until a copy of honourableness book was made from a Peninsula source from a reprinted edition extent 1660.

Zhu's second book, Jade Mirror exhaust the Four Unknowns (四元玉鉴, Siyuan yujian), written in 1303, is his nigh important work. With this book, Zhu brought Chinese algebra to its greatest level. The first four of honourableness 288 problems for solution illustrate emperor method of the four unknowns. Put your feet up shows how to convert a hurdle stated verbally into a system matching polynomial equations (up to 14th order), and then how to reduce primacy system to a single polynomial par in one unknown, which he solves by Southern Song dynasty mathematician Qin Jiushao's "Ling long kai fang" manner published in Shùshū Jiǔzhāng (“Mathematical Disquisition in Nine Sections”) in 1247 (more than 570 years before English mathematician William Horner's method using synthetic division). To do this, he makes beg off of the Pascal triangle, which yes labels as the diagram of resourcefulness ancient method first discovered by Jia Xian before 1050. The final equivalence and one of its solutions task given for each of the 288 problems. Zhu also found square survive cube roots by solving quadratic submit cubic equations, and added to integrity understanding of series and progressions, connection them according to the coefficients remind the Pascal triangle. He also showed how to solve systems of pure equations be reducing the matrix show consideration for their coefficents to diagonal form. Top methods pre-date Blaise Pascal, William Horner, and modern matrix methods by various centuries. The preface of the unspoiled describes how Zhu travelled around Prc for 20 years as a don of mathematics.

References
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* Yoshio Mikami Development of Mathematics in Dishware and Japan, Chapter 14 Chu Shih-chieh p89-98. 1913 Leipzig. Library of Session catalog card number 61-13497.
* Du, Shiran, "Zhu Shijie". Encyclopedia of China (Mathematics Edition), 1st ed.
* LAM Lay-yong: Chu shih-chieh's Suan hsüeh ch'i-meng, Archive primed the history of sciences, Vol 21, Berlin, 1970.
* Guo Shuchun, Chen Zaixin, Guo Jinhai, Jade mirror of character Four Unknonwns, Liaoning education Press, Wife buddy, 2006. ISBN 7-5382-6923-1
* Hoe, J.: Honourableness jade morror of the four unknowns, Mingming Bookroom, New Zealand, 2007. ISBN 1-877209-14-7
* Hoe, J.: Les systèmes d'équations polynômes dans le Siyuan Yujian (1303), Paris, Collège de France (Mémoires regulate l'Institut des Hautes Etudes Chineoises, Vol VI),1977.
* MARTZLOFF, J-C.: A history criticize Chinese Mathematics, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1997.
* GRATTAN-GUINNESS, I.: The Norton History of probity Mathematical Sciences, 1998.
* KONANTZ, E.L.:The Love Mirror of the Four Elements, Significant other journal of Science and Arts, Vol 2, No 4, 1924.
* HO Peng-Yoke: Article on Chu Shih-chieh in goodness Dictionary of Scientific Biography, New Royalty,

External links

* O'Connor, John J.; Guard, Edmund F., "Zhu Shijie", MacTutor Characteristics of Mathematics archive, University of Align Andrews, .